4月28日宏观经济指数：关注核电发展、低空经济和国际政策趋势
Latest Global Major Indices
Trends of International Crude Oil Prices and RMB to USD Exchange Rate
Domestic News
1. In 2025, the approval of domestic nuclear power projects will be opened for the first time: the National Standing Committee approves 10 new units, promoting over 200 billion yuan in investment
2. National Energy Administration: Our country will further increase investment in key nuclear power technology research and development
3. Ministry of Commerce: Will actively cooperate with relevant departments to accelerate the implementation of the tax refund policy for departing travelers
4. Important research and judgment on the low-altitude economy: By 2027, airspace management in provincial capital cities will achieve 'flight' or gradually be delegated to prefecture-level cities
5. State Administration of Taxation: 'The second set becomes the first set' can enjoy special additional deductions for personal income tax on housing loan interest if relevant conditions are met
International News
1. Rubio 'opposes' Trump: The United States will not expand sanctions against Russia
2. National Medical Products Administration: Suspended imports of a certain raw material drug from India
3. Iran's bombing of port goods import and export has resumed
4. Bank of Korea Governor Lee Chang-yong: Korea's policy interest rates are showing a downward trend
5. Former senior White House official: The impact of tariff policies will be evident in the United States by the end of next month
Domestic News
1. In 2025, the approval of domestic nuclear power projects will be opened for the first time: the National Standing Committee approves 10 new units, promoting over 200 billion yuan in investment
根据央视报道：李强主持召开国务院常务会议，决定批准包括浙江三门项目三期在内的核电项目。业内多个方面了解到，国家常务委员会批准的新项目包括广西防城港核电三期、广东台山核电二期、浙江三门核电三期、山东海阳核电三期、福建霞浦核电一期，共计5个项目和10个新机组。到目前为止，自2022年以来，中国已连续四年每年批准10个或更多核电机组，保持了规范化的审批节奏。据了解，上述新项目均采用自主三代核电技术，包括8个华龙一号机组。核电项目一直是扩大有效投资的重要动力，新批准机组的总投资超过2000亿元，基于每个国内百万千瓦三代核电机组约200亿元的投资强度。
2.国家能源局：我国将进一步增加对关键核电技术研发的投资
国家能源局副局长何杨在27日的2025年春季国际核能可持续发展论坛上表示，中国将进一步加大对关键技术研发的投资，提高在材料、燃料、软件和工艺方面的创新能力和水平，完善核电科技创新体系，推动小型反应堆和第四代反应堆等新一代技术的研发示范，积极培育核电高质量发展的创新驱动力。必须抓住当前核电发展的重要机遇期，积极有序地推进沿海核电建设，确保安全的前提下，科学合理地确定核电站的布局，保持建设的稳步推进。加快先进核电技术的测试和示范，积极推动核能的供热和综合利用，做好厂址资源的保护，形成“建设一批厂、储备一批厂、保护一批厂、示范一批厂”的发展格局。
3.商务部：将积极与有关部门合作，加快实施离境退税政策
在4月27日，国务院新闻办公室召开了关于优化出境退税政策和扩大入境消费的新闻发布会。商务部副部长盛秋平表示，《关于进一步优化出境退税政策和扩大入境消费的通知》主要聚焦于免税店数量少、免税购物选择少、国内产品较少以及退税便利性有待进一步改善等问题。下一步，商务部将积极与相关部门合作，加快政策的实施，指导各地建立和完善工作机制，创新工作措施，不断提升出境退税服务的质量和水平，使海外游客的退税更加便利和满意。
4.低空经济的重要研究与判断：到2027年，省级城市的空域管理将“飞行”或逐步下放到地级市
以“低空经济：重新定义城市交通”为主题的第二届全球低空经济论坛春季会议于4月27日召开。中国低空经济联盟主席罗俊表示，在接下来的两年中，1000公里以下的空域可能会逐步下放给地级市。鉴于低空飞行的常态化，需求主要集中在城市，因此有可能将管理权限下放给地方政府，这有利于快速应用和审批。预计从今年下半年开始，eVTOL（电动垂直起降飞机）将频繁进行测试。到2027年，一些特大中心城市和省会城市将能够实现eVTOL的商业化，并使用“空中出租车”。到2030年，大城市基本将进入低空经济时代，eVTOL将逐渐走进千家万户。
5.国家税务总局：“第二套房变第一套房”如果符合相关条件，可以享受个人所得税住房贷款利息的特别附加扣除
Recently, the State Taxation Administration's 12366 tax service platform responded to hot issues by stating that under certain conditions, the second set of housing can enjoy the special additional deduction for individual income tax on housing loan interest. According to the State Taxation Administration's regulations, taxpayers implementing the first housing loan interest rate according to the 'Notice on Reducing the Interest Rate of Existing First Housing Loans' and taxpayers implementing the first housing loan interest rate in the commercial housing loan portion, who meet the relevant provisions of the State Council's 'Notice on Issuing the Interim Measures for Special Additional Deductions of Individual Income Tax' (Guo Fa [2018] No. 41) regarding the special additional deduction for housing loan interest and have not previously enjoyed the special additional deduction for housing loan interest, can enjoy the special additional deduction for housing loan interest starting from the month of repayment, calculated according to the first housing loan interest rate.
International News
1.Rubio 'Opposes' Trump: The U.S. Will Not Expand Sanctions Against Russia
U.S. Secretary of State Mark Rubio said on Sunday that the U.S. will not expand sanctions against Russia to avoid interfering with the peace process to resolve the Ukraine conflict. However, U.S. President Donald Trump stated yesterday that he might have to deal with Putin through sanctions or secondary sanctions in the financial sector. Rubio also mentioned that Russia and Ukraine are generally closer to reaching a peace agreement than they have been in the past three years, and that a peace agreement between Russia and Ukraine needs to be reached as soon as possible, with many ways for the U.S. to hold accountable those who do not want to promote the Ukraine peace agreement.
2.National Medical Products Administration: Suspension of Importing Certain Raw Materials from India
国家食品药品监督管理局今天发布公告，表示已组织对VITAL LABORATORIES PVT. LTD.（生产地址：印度古吉拉特邦VAPI-396 195，GIDC，Estate，3rd Phase, Plot No. 1710 & A1/2208）进行现场检查，发现该工厂生产的地高辛原料药（注册号：Y20170000041）的实际生产工艺与注册时声明的生产工艺不一致，生产工艺和关键参数的变化未充分研究，检查和放行未按照进口注册质量标准进行，质量管理和质量保证体系不完善，不符合中国《药品生产质量管理规范（2010年修订）》及药品相关审评审批的相关要求。根据《中华人民共和国药品管理法》和其他相关规定，国家食品药品监督管理局决定自即日起暂停进口上述原料药，所有口岸药品监管部门将暂停发放该原料药产品的进口通关单。
3.伊朗轰炸港口的进出口货物已恢复
当地时间27日，伊朗的Shahi Drajay港当天上午恢复了货物的进出口。伊朗道路与城市发展部长表示，自27日上午以来，港口其他区域和部分的装卸活动已正常进行。
4.韩国银行行长李柱烈：韩国的政策利率呈下降趋势
根据联合新闻社，韩国银行行长李昌镛表示，尽管货币政策仍然谨慎，但由于通胀稳定，韩国银行的基准利率将会下降。联合新闻社引用李昌镛在华盛顿国际货币基金组织（IMF）年会上对记者表示，宽松周期的时机和节奏调整并不意味着利率不会降低。他还表示，在第一季度经济收缩之后，韩国银行可能会再次下调今年的经济增长预测，但没有具体说明。该银行已经多次下调预测，最近预测在2025年为1.5%。
5.前白宫高级官员：关税政策的影响将在下个月底在美国显现
当地时间4月27日，曾在特朗普首个总统任期内担任白宫国家经济委员会主任的加里·科恩表示，当前美国关税政策的影响将在下个月底开始在全国范围内显现，这一预测是基于商品运输和分配所需的时间。加里·科恩表示，收入水平和财务能力较低的人将把100%的薪水用于购买商品，而富人则会储存更高比例的收入。这意味着关税将对低收入的美国人产生更大的影响。在利率问题上，加里·科恩表示，从美联储的角度来看，该机构在履行其职责，因此本质上，美联储没有理由现在采取行动降低利率。
国内宏观经济指数
